Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Symptoms & Treatment

Human Metapneumovirus or HMPV, is a very common and popular disease in 2025 and it is a big concern among a huge population. However, any age of people can be affected by this HMPV virus, but it is more troublesome for infants and older adults because they often have a weakened immune system.  

While it may seem like just another seasonal virus, but HMPV can lead to severe respiratory illnesses if left untreated. In this blog, we’ll explore the symptoms, treatment options, and how it differs from Coronavirus (Covid-19).

What is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

HMPV is a viral infection that belongs to the same family as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). It primarily affects the respiratory tract and is one of the leading causes of respiratory infections worldwide. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it can also survive on surfaces for extended periods.

Symptoms of HMPV

HMPV symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on a person’s immune system. The infection typically lasts for 7–10 days and can resemble the common cold or flu.

Common Symptoms:

• Coughing – Persistent dry or wet cough
• Runny or Stuffy Nose – Nasal congestion, similar to a common cold
• Fever – Mild to moderate fever, especially in children
• Sore Throat – Scratchy or painful throat
• Shortness of Breath – Difficulty breathing in severe cases
• Wheezing – Common in people with asthma or lung conditions
• Fatigue – General weakness and tiredness

Severe Symptoms (Require Medical Attention):

• High Fever – Persistent fever above 102°F (39°C)
• Bluish Lips or Face – Indicating low oxygen levels
• Rapid Breathing – A sign of respiratory distress
• Chest Pain – Can indicate pneumonia or other complications
• Severe Dehydration – Lack of urination, dizziness, and dry mouth.
  

How is HMPV Diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose HMPV through clinical examination and laboratory tests, including:

• PCR Testing – Detects viral RNA in respiratory samples
• Rapid Antigen Tests – Provides quick results but may not be as accurate
• Chest X-rays or CT Scans – To rule out pneumonia in severe cases

Since HMPV shares symptoms with other respiratory viruses like influenza and COVID-19, testing is essential to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for HMPV

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV, and the infection is managed through supportive care. Most healthy individuals recover at home with the following measures:

Home Remedies & Supportive Care:

• Rest & Hydration – Plenty of fluids and rest to speed up recovery
• Over-the-Counter Medications – Pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) for fever and body aches
• Steam Therapy & Humidifiers – Helps ease congestion and breathing difficulties
• Saline Nasal Spray – Reduces nasal blockage and irritation
• Cough Syrup or Honey – Soothes sore throat and suppresses cough (only for adults and children over 1 year old)

Medical Treatment (For Severe Cases):

• Oxygen Therapy – For patients experiencing severe breathing difficulties
• Hospitalization – Required in extreme cases, especially for elderly individuals or immunocompromised patients
• Nebulizers or Bronchodilators – Prescribed for patients with pre-existing lung conditions like asthma.

Since antibiotics are ineffective against viruses, they are not used unless a bacterial infection develops as a secondary complication.

HMPV vs. COVID-19: Key Differences

Both HMPV and COVID-19 cause respiratory illnesses, but they have distinct differences: